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Józef Hen, originally Józef Henryk Cukier, born November 8, 1923 in Warsaw, is a Polish novelist, essayist, playwright, screenwriter, and reporter of Jewish origin. == Biography == Born November 8, 1923 in Warsaw in the family home on Nowolipie Street. He completed ''gimnazjum'' at the age of sixteen at M. Krynski's school. As a child he contributed to ''The Little Review'', a Friday supplement to an adult daily, written entirely by children and founded by the great educator Janusz Korczak. After the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, he remained in Warsaw, but fled the capital in November to escape the German occupation. He spent the war in the Soviet Union. He first worked on construction of a highway from Lvov to Kiev, then went to Samarkand in Uzbekistan. Despite his good health, he was not accepted into the Anders' Army in exile.〔In the late 1950's, Hen described this experience in his autobiographical novel ''No One is Calling'', first published in 1990.〕 In 1944, he joined the rival Polish People's Army in exile and also published his poem ''Łódź Wierna'' (''Faithful Łódź'') in a magazine ''Voice of the Soldier''. During the war, he lost his father, killed in 1945 in Buchenwald, his brother Moses (b. 1920), who disappeared in the Soviet Union, and his sister Mirka (1917-1942).〔Donata Subbotko, interview with Józef Hen, "Lekkie swędzenie sumienia" ("The Slight Itch of Conscience") in the magazine ''Duży Format'', 2009-11-06〕 His mother and sister Stella (b. 1915) survived the war. In 1944 he adopted the pen name "Hen", which in time began to serve as his legal name. Immediately after the war he was editor of the weekly ''The Polish Soldier''. By the end of his military service in 1952, he had attained the rank of Captain. Already in 1947, he had published his first book, ''Kiev, Tashkent, Berlin''. This history of his wanderings was considered a promising debut. Subsequently, he worked as a reporter and wrote short stories, historical fiction and novels for both adults and adolescents. He also wrote screenplays, which sometimes he directed, including the film ''Buses Like Turtles''. Some of his works were filmed in the 1960s, including ''The Cross of Valour'', ''No One is Calling'', ''April'' and ''Law and the Fist''. Later came the film ''The Crime'' and his script for ''An Ancient Tale: When the Sun Was a God''. He also scripted a historical serial ''Royal Dreams'', later published in book form. His articles appeared in the weekly ''World''. In 1967-69, he was viciously attacked in print by a group called "The Partisans". At that time, he began a collaboration with ''Kultura'', the Parisian journal in exile edited by Jerzy Giedroyc. It published three of Hen's stories under the pen name Korab ("Western", "Dayan's Eye", "The Twin"). He wrote a young adult novel ''The Battle of Goat Manor'' (1955) (derived in part from the novel ''The Paul Street Boys'' by Ferenc Molnár) and a war novel, ''April'' (1960). A pair of autobiographical novels, ''Before the Great Pause'' and ''Resistance'', formed a series, the "Theatre of Herod", about growing up just before World War II and during the siege of Warsaw in 1939. He also wrote numerous collections of short stories, including ''The Cross of Valour'' (1964); a historical novel ''The Crime, a Folk Tale'' (1975); a volume of essays, ''I Fear Not Sleepless Nights'' (1987); and ''Nowolipie Street'' (1991), a memoir. He also wrote belletristic biographies, among them ''I, Michel de Montaigne'' (1978) — the French writer, thinker and essayist against a panorama of sixteenth-century Europe; ''The Clown, A Great Man'' (1998) — a comprehensive sketch of the character and multilateral activities of Tadeusz Boy-Zelenski, interwoven with reflections about his childhood era; and ''My Friend the King'' about Stanisław August Poniatowski. Hen has seen several translations of his work, including those into Czech, German, French, Russian, and, very recently, English. For years (until 1982) he was an activist in the Polish Writers' Union and is still a member. He was active in the election committee for Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz in the Polish presidential election, 2005, and has repeatedly voiced support for the two-term Polish president Aleksander Kwaśniewski. He lives in Warsaw. From his marriage to Irene (née Lebewal) (1922-2010), he has two children, Magdalena (b. 1950) and Maciej (b. 1955). He was awarded the Cross of Valour and the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1998). In 2009, he received the City of Warsaw Literary Award for his works "about Warsaw, in Warsaw, and for Warsaw".〔(Literary Award of Warsaw of 2009 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Józef Hen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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